浑·厚·华·滋——《美术里的中国》解读蕴藏在“用墨大师”画中的东方密码

“国画民族性，非笔墨之中无所见。”在中国传统绘画中，笔墨承载着浓厚的文化内涵与独特的审美价值，已成为一种艺术方法、艺术形式和艺术风格的代名词。

被誉为“千古以来第一用墨大师”的黄宾虹运用墨法近乎极致，且在笔法、墨法等方面提出了诸多创造性观点，为二十世纪的中国山水画树立了一座高峰。中央广播电视总台纪录片《美术里的中国》从黄宾虹的著名作品入手，探究其墨法之灵魂，感受浑厚氤氲中的气象变化，并解读这位山水画大师所追求的深邃意境和美学理念。

FortraditionalChinesepainting,theuseofink,loadedwithstrongculturalconnotationsandauniqueaestheticvalue,hasbecomesynonymouswiththecountry'sartisticformandstyle.AsrenownedChinesepainterHuangBinhongsaid,"IntheinkwashresidesthenationalcharacterofChinesepainting."

EnjoyingequalpopularitywithChina'scelebratedmasterartistQiBaishi,HuangisknownasagreatinnovatorinthemodernhistoryofChinesefinearts.Hisworktitled"PineForestintheMists"embodieshisenduringlegacy.Thedocumentaryseries"FineArtsinChina"producedbyChinaMediaGroup(CMG)exploresthecharacteristicsofthispaintingbyHuang,whilealsoexploringhisprofoundartisticconceptionandaestheticideals.

黄宾虹是中国近现代美术史上的开派巨匠，也是上世纪传统中国画四大家之一。早年受“新安画派”影响，他的作品以干笔淡墨、疏淡清逸为人知晓，称作“白宾虹”；八十岁后转变绘画风格，以黑密厚重、黑里透亮为特色，又被称为“黑宾虹”。其晚年创作的《万松烟霭》就是“黑宾虹”的代表。

"PineForestintheMists"waspaintedbyHuanginthe1940s.Themeticulouslylayeredapplicationofinkhasinfusedthescenerywithanunparalleledluster.Inthepainting,therichlyvariedshadesandtexturesofinkhaverenderedaremarkablenocturnalsceneofapineforest.Theshimmeringstreamsbeneathtwinklingstarslendapoeticenchantmenttotheruggedlandscape.TheendlesspinetreesofHuangshanMountainstandasapowerfulpresenceinthismistynight.

"PineForestintheMists"paintedbyHuangBinhong./CGTN

这幅画描绘了黄山西海门万壑松风云海的奇观，笔墨近看一片迷茫，远观则生机盎然，神韵流溢而又朴茂无华。画中，石径蜿蜒曲折，树木朦胧苍翠，一间茅舍掩映其间，云气清逸，远峰幽淡，密黑中颇多透气之处，奇秀苍古，如入夜山。

Thefamouspaintingwascompletedaftertwodevastatingworldwars.Duringthatperiod,peopleinboththeEastandWestfacedthemosttryingtimes.Huangdescribedartasthecrystallizationofspiritualcivilization.Hesaidoneofthecasualtiesofthemodernworldisthedeclineofhumanspirituality.Hehasidentifiedthepowerofhealingandrenewalinthepoeticinkwashesoforientalart.

Detailsofthepainting"PineForestintheMists"byHuangBinhong./CGTN

《万松烟霭》创作于二十世纪四十年代，那时人类文明已接连遭受两次世界大战摧毁，东西方社会都面临着最艰难的时刻。黄宾虹虽已年逾古稀，但他坚持在诗性的东方笔墨中寻找抚慰与重建的力量。他始终坚信，笔墨是民族性格的表达；画中迎面拂来松涛雾霭，是笔墨中的气象，也是永恒的中国气度。黄宾虹用“浑、厚、华、滋”四个字总结自己的绘画风格，这也体现了中国文化的核心与本质——苍茫厚重、澄澈光明。

Ashisbrushtouchedthepaper,Huangfoundtheimagesoftoweringpinetreesandgracefulmistspouringfromhisheartandmanifestingthemselvesthroughtheink.ThecelebratedmaestrobelievesthatChina'snationalcharacterisconveyedthroughinkwashpainting.

Huangsummeduphisstyleas"ProfundityandExuberance,"whichheunderstoodtobethenatureoftheChinesepursuitofenlightenedspirituality.In"PineForestintheMists,"theimageofswayingpinetreesinthemistservesasamaterializationofthisChinesespirit.

ChinesepaintingmasterHuangBinhong./CGTN

在七十余年的创作生涯中，黄宾虹身体力行地实践着中国传统文化传承和发展的过程，为后人留下了超凡脱俗、意象万千的山水画艺术，开创了蕴含深刻中国传统文化内涵及美学价值的现代审美境界。他以浓、淡、破、泼、积、焦、宿的墨法在平、圆、留、重、变的笔法中显山之筋骨、显水之灵动、显人之精神，成为中国山水画史上一个新的里程碑。

ThisrenewedunderstandingofChina'sculturalessencelaidthefoundationforthetransformationofHuang'sartisticstyle.Heledarevolutionintheportrayalofthecountry'smountainouslandscapesafterdecadesofstudyandexploration,andformulatedtheSevenMethodsofInkWashbasedontheworksofhispredecessors.Huang'svariedstyleandcreativitynotonlywonhimanhonorarytitle,butalsoshonealightonmodernChinesearthistory.